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Ahmad Mustafa, PhD

Machine Learning and Analytics Engineer
Occidental Petroleum
ahmad_mustafa (at) oxy.com


Short Bio

I am currently a machine learning and analytics engineer working at Occidental Petroleum based in Houston, Texas. My work involves using cutting edge machine- and deep learning techniques to solve problems in subsurface understanding for hydrocarbon exploration, environment monitoring, and sustainability applications.

I hold a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology with a minor in Maths. My dissertation was completed under the supervision of Professor Ghassan AlRegib at the OLIVES lab. My research focused on developing novel deep learning techniques to address the problem of label sparsity for subsurface characterization. Prior to this, I obtained my Masters degree (also in Electrical Engineering) at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

My research lies at the intersection of machine learning and seismic interpretation for a variety of subsurface applications. I have worked on solving seismic inverse problems through integration of multi-modal subsurface data, developed an active learning technique to reduce dependency on labeled training examples for ML-based interpretation, and worked on modeling human visual attention to account for incomplete, missing training labels to train deep models for subsurface interpretation applications. Additionally, I am also working on understanding the interaction of seismic amplitude anomalies for reduce drilling uncertainty for hydrocarbon exploration using Explainable AI. My research has featured in top-tier peer reviewed academic journals, conference proceedings, and technical meeting presentations. For a fuller list of my research contributions and associated codes, please check out the publications page.

News

Journal Publications [Google Scholar]

  1. IEEE Transactions of Geoscience and Remote Sensing (TGRS)
    Ahmad Mustafa, Reza Rastegar, Tim Brown, Gregory Nunes, Daniel De Lilla, and Ghassan AlRegib
    IEEE TGRS, vol. 62, pp. 1-12, 2024.

  2. Geophysics
    Ahmad Mustafa, Klaas Koster, and Ghassan AlRegib
    Geophysics, vol. 89, no. 1 (2023), Pg. WA13-WA24

  3. Geophysics
    Ahmad Mustafa, and Ghassan AlRegib
    Geophysics, vol. 88, no. 4 (2023), Pg. IM77-IM86

  4. Geophysics
    Ahmad Mustafa, Motaz Alfarraj, and Ghassan AlRegib
    Geophysics, vol. 86, no. 4 (2021), Pg. O37-O48

Conference Publications [Google Scholar]

  1. IMAGE
    Prithwijit Chowdhury, Ahmad Mustafa, Mohit Prabhushankar, and Ghassan AlRegib
    SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, 2023.

  2. ICIP
    Yash-yee Logan, Ryan Benkert, Ahmad Mustafa, and Ghassan AlRegib
    2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

  3. SEG
    Ahmad Mustafa and Ghassan AlRegib
    SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, 2022.

  4. SEG
    Ahmad Mustafa and Ghassan AlRegib
    SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, 2021.

  5. ICIP
    Ahmad Mustafa and Ghassan AlRegib
    2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

  6. SEG
    Ahmad Mustafa and Ghassan AlRegib
    SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, 2020.

  7. SEG
    Ahmad Mustafa and Ghassan AlRegib
    SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, 2020.

  8. SEG
    Ahmad Mustafa, Motaz Alfarraj, and Ghassan AlRegib
    SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, 2019.

Invited Talks

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Research

1. Efficient Training Sample Selection for Seismic Interpretation using Active Learning

Machine learning-assisted seismic interpretation tasks require large quantities of labeled data annotated by expert interpreters, which is a costly and time-consuming process. Where existing works to minimize dependence on labeled data assume the data annotation process to already be completed, active learning—a field of machine learning—works by selecting the most important training samples for the interpreter to annotate in real time simultaneously with the training of the interpretation model itself, thereby reducing cost and effort to produce annotated training samples while minimizing the negative impact on performance. We develop a unique and first-of-a-kind active learning framework for seismic facies interpretation using the manifold learning properties of deep autoencoders.

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By jointly learning representations for supervised and unsupervised tasks and then ranking unlabeled samples by their nearness to the data manifold, we are able to identify the most relevant training samples to be labeled by the interpreter in each training round. This is shown in the figure below. On the popular F3 dataset, we obtain close to 10 percentage point difference in terms of interpretation accuracy between the proposed method and the baseline with only three fully annotated seismic sections.

Results

Performance of the facies segmentation model is recorded in terms of the mean intersection-over-union (mIOU) at the end of every cyle and plotted for the proposed sampling method as well as other sampling techniques. This includes the well known active learning method based on entropy as well as non-active learning techniques commonly used by seismic interpreters. These plots for both training and test splits are given below.
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Performance curves for the proposed and baseline sampling techniques on the training split.
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Performance curves for the proposed and baseline sampling techniques on the test split.

Codes

Codes related to this project can be found at this GitHub repository. Detailed instructions regarding the running of the codes and installing related dependencies are provided.

Related Publications

More information on this work can be found in the following publidations:
1. Mustafa, Ahmad, and Ghassan AlRegib. "Man-recon: Manifold learning for reconstruction with deep autoencoder for smart seismic interpretation." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 2953-2957. IEEE, 2021. [Link] [PDF]
2. Mustafa, Ahmad, and Ghassan AlRegib. "Active learning with deep autoencoders for seismic facies interpretation." Geophysics 88, no. 4 (2023): IM77-IM86. [Link] [PDF]

2. Learning under Sparse, Missing Labels for Structure Interpretation via Visual Attention Modeling

Accurate interpretation of visual data for relevant information forms an important component of many real-world applications such as medical disease diagnosis, geological hazard assessment, hydrocarbon exploration, etc. Producing fine-grained annotations on images is an expensive, laborious, and time-consuming process. The human brain is wired to selectively focus its attention on certain aspects of the visual scene. This perception mechanism is driven both by low-level signal cues, such as changes in color, contrast, intensity, shapes etc., as well as high-level cognitive factors such as one’s prior knowledge, goals, expectations, and constraints with respect to the task at hand.

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These attentional factors, referred to as bottom-up and top-down attention respectively, play an important role in determining the final annotations that get produced for a given visual scene, often at the cost of leaving out a lot of visual information the brain deems to be unimportant with regard to the task of interest. Mapping geological faults on 3D seismic volumes is one such application where human attention selectivity results in highly incomplete fault annotations. Conventional supervised learning methods treat regions of missed fault labels as negatives, resulting in non-optimal learning for the machine learning model. We propose a method to model visual attention and incorporate it into data sampling and model training procedures. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for mapping faults on seismic volumes using pretrained 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Using an annotated seismic dataset from NW Australia, we show quantitatively and qualitatively that modeling visual attention leads to significant performance gains even with limited, incompletely labeled seismic training data.

Results

Fault interpretation is carried out using a model trained in the proposed manner (i.e., attention modeling) and also using models trained without modeling visual attention. The proposed approach can be seen to outperform baseline strategies even when trained on data with highly incomplete labels.
Alt Text for Image 1
Performance curves for the proposed and baseline training startegies on a seismic section from the test set.
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Performance curves for the proposed and baseline training startegies on a seismic section from the test set.

Codes

Codes related to this project can be found at this GitHub repository. Detailed instructions regarding the running of the codes and installing related dependencies are provided.

Related Publications

More information regarding the work can be accessed at the publications below:
1. A. Mustafa, R. Rastegar, T. Brown, G. Nunes, D. Delilla and G. Alregib, "Visual Attention-Guided Learning With Incomplete Labels for Seismic Fault Interpretation," in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 62, pp. 1-12, 2024. [Full Text]
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Software and Codes

1. amustafa9/SeisWiz

The ultimate lightweight Matplotlib-based seismic volume viewer with multi-view support and horizon visualization capabilities.

Teaching

Services

Organization Committee

Conference Reviewers

Journal Reviewers

Contact

You are more than welcome to reach out to me with for any questions or advice (if you feel I am qualified to give some based off my experience) on any of my emails below.
Personal Email: ahmadmustafa.am (at) gmail.com
Work Email: ahmad_mustafa (at) oxy.com